Psychologist Mark E. Beecher of Brigham Young University conducted a study involving
16,452 adults that analyzed therapeutic distress across 19 weather and
pollution variables over a six-year period. He found that seasonal
increases in the amount of time spent in the sun were linked to
decreased emotional stress—whereas temperature and pollution variables
had no effect.
When it’s wintertime and the days are
short and gloomy, many typically experience feelings of depression and
helplessness. But when the spring and summer seasons roll around, we
often find ourselves feeling more uplifted and eager to start the day.
GREAT SUMMER ART
In 1997, in an attempt to bring joy to the miserably light-starved
people of Helsinki, psychiatrist Timo Partonen of the National Public
Health Institute gave people special lamps producing light that closely
matched sunlight. After leaving the lamps on their desks throughout the
winter people felt happier, less hostile and more alert.
Light also triggers changes in the brain that make us feel more
cheery. Evidence is emerging that light pushes up levels of serotonin
and noradrenaline, two key feel-good chemicals.
The web connecting sunlight, melatonin and serotonin goes something
like this: When the sun comes up again, and sunlight hits the optic
nerve, some of that light is sent to the gland in the brain in charge of
melatonin. In response, melatonin secretion decreases. When the sun
goes down, the body increases its secretion of melatonin.
At the same time, when the body perceives sunlight, serotonin
levels increase. And the more sunlight the human body is exposed to, the
more serotonin the brain produces [source: ScienceBlog].
So in effect, melatonin and serotonin have an inverse-proportional
relationship that is guided by the body's perception of sunlight. The
overall effect is "downtime" at night and "uptime" during the day.
GREAT SUMMER ART
There's another factor involved in sunlight's affect on mood,
though: vitamin D. The body actually creates its supply of vitamin D
from the sun's ultraviolet rays hitting the skin, and high levels of
vitamin help the body maintain high levels of serotonin [source: Collinge].